Proper Management, The Managerial Process Essay

Proper Management, The Managerial Process - Essay Example The major objective of this project is focused on extension of the life of the terminals through replacement of infrastructure to make it more efficient to park, to enable passengers check through security and locate their luggage. The plan comprises of new self service technologies, better stores where people can eat and shop. This will make the Airport more modern, sophisticated, and efficient and a more exciting travel destination. Currently, Terminal D can now cater for more incoming international flights due to the recent addition of three gates at the corridor connecting D and B International terminals. The ongoing renovation will also reopen the existing satellite facility at the E terminal and also build stations for the planned extension of the DART program (Dallas Area Rapid Transit). Risk Analysis is the process that characterises the likelihood, vulnerability and the extent of any risk associated with the occurrence of any natural, manmade or technical disasters as well as other emergencies addressing scenarios of concern and their probable consequences during an ongoing project (Hester, 13). Risk evaluation and analysis at the Dallas Fort Worth International Airport has been done to achieve the programs objective in the expected time, cost and safety and also observe environmental responsibility. An effective risk management process when carried out helps identify sources of risks, uncertainty and evaluating their impact and also helps to determine the most suitable management processes. The TRIP program is subject to higher risk due to the complicated features of the construction processes such as a long period of time before the program is completed, an integrated process, financial intensity and a wide organizational structure. As such, the project manager and the team undertaking of risk assessment and management is crucial to the delivery of the project’s objectives. Risks associated with the TRIP program are divided in to three major

Egyptian History Essay Example for Free

Egyptian History Essay The period in Egypt from 2660 to 1100 BC can be considered as a very important time in Egyptian history as it witnessed many changes in how the land was ruled. This period in time experienced wars and changes in leadership, slowly molding the Egyptian nation into what it is today. These people and events not only played an important role in Egypt’s history but also for the rest of the world. One specific period during this time was the Old Kingdom, back to the time when Egypt was ruled by the Third Dynasty all throughout the Sixth Dynasty. During this time, the capital of Egypt was located at Memphis, and the ruling pharaoh was Djoser. This period in time was known for the construction of large pyramids, which were built to serve as the burial places for pharaohs and other important persons during that time. This was considered as the Age of Pyramids. During this time only the pharaoh ruled the former independent ancient states of Egypt which was known as nomes. The former ruler of these states were forced to take the role of governor, else, they’ll have to work in the tax collection area. During this time, the pharaoh is not only recognized as a ruler but as a god, and was worshipped by all his subordinates. This is because of the belief that worshipping these gods would mean assurance of the annual flooding of the Nile River. This is because agriculture during this time centered on the â€Å"fertile crescent† or the area which has been flooded by the Nile. All their crops are dependent on this annual flooding, as Egypt is filled with barren lands and desserts which they cannot use for farming and agriculture and the river is their only hope for scarce food supplies. This period of time also witnessed feuds between different rulers which resulted from the fall of the Old Kingdom. The previous kingdom collapsed as a result of civil conflict which was insinuated by regional governors waging wars on each other. The unity of the kingdom weakened, causing it to finally fall. The case worsened as the lands were plagued with severe drought, resulting to a drop in rainfall, affecting the normal flooding of the Nile River. Decades of famine and strife followed eventually. Intermediate periods have risen afterwards, wherein there were several acting rulers and leaders, further complicating the matters. This has lead to many wars between the different peoples of Egypt, since no one held power over the whole nation. To make matters worse, neighboring lands were starting to invade Egypt, hoping to besiege the already war-torn nation. Because of this, consolidations were made by local leaders and a new line of pharaohs have been formed. After several changes in the ruling heads, Egypt was able to prosper further and continued to exist many years after. Some pharaohs were able to expand their influence, thus making the nation wealthier and more powerful. This period however, ended in another intermediate period wherein the power has been divided between the recognized king which was Smendes and the High Priests of Amun at Thebes. The king ruled the northern half of the nation while the High Priests took control of the southern part of the country. This division proved to be less significant since both the ruling king and high priests came from the same family line.

Why is the Novel Called To Kill a Mockingbird? Essay -- To Kill a Mocki

Why is the Novel called To Kill a Mockingbird. In order for us to understand the reason why the novel is called "To Kill a Mockingbird", we need to take into account what the title actually means. The mockingbird is a type of finch, and it gets its name from its ability to make sounds that mimic other animals. This bird is not a predator and all it does is to make music. In the book the references made to the mockingbird are ones of great significance. The first time we come across this in the novel is when Atticus Finch says to his son Jem Finch, "Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit 'em, but remember it's a sin to kill a mockingbird." The children, Jem and his sister Scout do not, at first, understand the importance of this advice. They decide to ask their neighbour, and also good friend, Miss. Maudie about it. She starts off with "Your father's right," and this is not the only time in the novel when she is in agreement with Atticus' views. She is almost a mother figure to the children along with Calpurnia, who is their cook, and she reinforces Atticus' philosophy. In this instance what she tells the children about mockingbirds, reinforces Atticus' views. She says: "Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don't eat up people's gardens, don't nest in corncribs, they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That's why it's a sin to kill a mockingbird." At this point the writer is conveying to us that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird, the reason being that it does not do anything but make music. Mockingbirds are portrayed as the epitome of innocence. The killing of an innocent is always seen as a horrendous crime in any age and any time. As we re... ...ole point that the novel is trying convey is about tolerance and understanding. It is due to a lack of these things that we get prejudice and discrimination of any kind occurs, whether it is racial or because of gender. If people were tolerant of other people then these problems would not even arise. Atticus is right when he tells scout that to truly understand a person you need to walk in their shoes. By doing this you will understand the person and so will be able to tolerate the person without fearing them because they are different to yourself. Atticus is not the only person in this novel who is able to think ahead. We know that people like Miss Maudie and Heck Tate, the sheriff, are also able to think beyond racial lines. We have come a long way from then, in establishing equality, and yet we still have a long way to go in achieving the perfect world.

Theories On Types Of Learners Education Essay

IntroductionThe study aimed to size up and analyse the place of myself as a undergraduate, this undertaking has become a really good manner for myself to place and cognize my ain personality and preferable acquisition manners more better than earlier. I am able to cognize my personal strong and weaknesses through different type of trial I took. Those trial will propose some of the acquisition manner which suit me the most, and help me to derive a higher class on my survey life. Furthermore, this study aims to find my intrinsic personality type and my functions in a squad. In order to accomplish the above aims, trials like VARK Questionnaire, Myers-Briggs Personality Type, and Belbin Self Perception Team Role Profiles trial are able to find my personality type and my preferable learning manner. Every suggestion of the consequence of the trial will be addressed one time I answered all the inquiry. Besides that, remark from my household and friend was become a back uping grounds on the finding of my personality type and acquisition abilities. Based on the few trial I took and the remark of my household, I might be able to find where one stand today, and the truth of myself. Subsequently, I picked my future calling occupation based on the field I survey and ain involvement, making research to roll up more information which related with the occupation that I taken up, looking to the demand of the occupation and based on my skill-set to find myself whether that is a occupation which suit me.Section A: Who I am as a scholar1.VARK TrialVARK is designed to analyze a scholar larning manner, and it ‘s besides determined a personal manner of a scholar. VARK is a really utile trial for every scholar, and VARK was elucidated and formulated by Fleming ( 2002 ) , and is based on the bing nuero-linguistic theoretical account which formulated by Eicher ( 1987 ) . VARK trial was divided into 4 different types of classs. It was VISUAL, AURAL, READ/WRITE and KINESTHETIC. Each scholars might be non truly cognize their ain acquisition manner sometimes, hence most of scholars know their learning manner through VARK Test. The intent of VARK trial is to find scholar lar ning manner and the result is based on the BASIC of favourite larning manner of scholars. Fleming ( 2007 ) says that VARK able to help scholars in their acknowledgment of their acquisition manners they most like. Following is a brief definition of VARK ( Fleming,1992, p274 ) Ocular: Learners who preferred learn by seeing. For illustration, utilizing picture, posting, images during presentations or talks. Aural: Learners who preferences learn by hearing. For illustration, seminars or talks that do non supply any ocular AIDSs. Read/Write: Learners who preferences learn by treating text. For illustration, there are able to read a full pages of words, and compose out a brief drumhead. Kinesthetic: Learners who preference towards larning, practical and sharing experiences for larning intents. Examples, experiment, pattern, simulations, picture cartridge holder etc.Ocular11Aural11Read/Write8Kinesthetic11Figure 1.1 – My VARK Test MarkOn my VARK trial consequence, the trial has determined my single acquisition manners, and my ain position presents. The VARK Test depicted in the Appendix 1. Based on the consequence, I quite asynclitism on Visual, Aural and Kinesthetic, three of it is the highest mark in the trial, therefore VARK describes me as a multimodal scholar. The lowest mark is Read/write. I rather consent with the VARK consequence since I evaluate my survey life in Malaysia last twelvemonth. I have a penchant on lectors who used text books, PowerPoint slide, picture or talk notes which included diagram, graph or pie chart as their instruction stuffs. I found it easy to understand the talk through looking on those ocular AIDSs. Besides that, I quite easy focal point on the pictorials instead than reading a full pages of words of articles or notes which without image. Other than this, I ever had the wont of record the talks by utilizing MP3 Recorder in category and playback when I making alteration. Re-listening aid me to rectifying my notes and more clearer understanding about the talks. My strengths ever assisted me a batch in my survey life, I can understand the talks and absorb cognition faster than those pupils who prefer Read/Write. Based on the existent life experience of myself, when I study in INTI University College Malaysia, most of the lector is giving their talk by PowerPoint slides, so I tend to this learning manner. Additionally, I have inclination of making a presentation slide as notes after category everyday in order to guarantee that I do non lose out any point, clearer apprehension of the surveies lectures. I preferred listening music while doing up notes or do exercisings at the same time. My strength ever help me a batch in my survey life. That is the ground why my visual, aural and kinaesthetic is the highest mark in the VARK trial evidently, hence, I have to use my strengths sagely from now on until the terminal of my life. Apart of this, the VARK trial consequence proved that my failings in Read/ Write facet evidently, Fleming ( 2008 ) illustrate that turning words into ocular is another manner to better the failing of Read/Write. It means that I must set more attempt to better my Read/Write accomplishment and do it equal with the other 3 facets. I found it hard to understand those talks notes, larning stuff or text edition which merely screen by words, it was endure me ever, and I feel sleepy easy if I faced it quite a long period. In add-on, my failing be conspicuous when I go toing my seminar category. I have to better my Read/Write accomplishment from now on instantly in order to do certain that is non a trouble when I out to work in the hereafter.2. MBTI TestMBTI stands for Myers Briggs Type Indicator trial, it ‘s a trial based on Jung ‘s Theory of Personality Types. Paula A. & A ; Martin. F ( 2009 ) defines that â€Å" The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ( MBTI ) is a widely used personality stock list, or trial, employed in vocational, educational, and psychotherapy scenes to measure personality type in striplings and grownups age 14 and older † . ESTJ and INFP was carried out the different significance. extroversion ( E ) or invagination ( I ) feeling ( S ) or intuition ( N ) thought ( T ) or experiencing ( F ) judgment ( J ) or comprehending ( P ) MBTI trial be able to find the type of the scholars based on the reply of the respondents in the MBTI questionnaire. Charles R. Martin ( 1997 ) defines people who extraversion incline involve in event, outer universe, take portion in a batch of activities, work or play in groups, and like to do friends. while invagination defines a individual who is more inclined towards ain thought, sentiment, reaction etc. This type of people they more preferable making things with little group of people who they feel comfy or entirely. They are wholly different features if comparison with Extraversion. Molly ( 2008 ) defines that people who sensors incline to information they received from what they received and they will state the facts without any reading. Peoples who intuitive more slope to reading, inventive or â€Å" 6th sense † instead than merely state the facts. MyPersonality ( 2007 ) defines believing people are able to do their determination based on what they seen and they non like to believe or judge something ‘s may non based on logic. On the other custodies, experiencing people make their determination based on their feeling, they decides with bosom alternatively of facts. MyPersonality ( 2007 ) defines that people who judging they usually good at completing, they like to be aftering their things and responsible ever and command in events of a person. Besides that, people who comprehending they more preferable outward displayed. They are flexible and adaptable and they non good in organized. ISTJ 53 % ISFJ 67 % INFJ 50 % INTJ 36 % ISTP 42 %ISFP74 %INFP 66 % INTP 34 % ESTP 58 % ESFP 72 % ENFP 55 % ENTP 41 % ESTJ 42 %ESFJ74 %ENFJ 66 % ENTJ 34 %Figure 1.2: My MBTI ScoresDeduction of MBTI TestFollowing, On my Myer Briggs Type Indicator trial mark, the trial has determined my single personality types and besides prove that I have two different personality type, it was ISFP and ESFJ, it was carried out 74 % each. The existent tabular array mark depicted on ( APPENDIX 2 ) . Team Technology ( 1995 ) describes the features of ESFJ individual are does non wish to populate entirely, they more prefer unrecorded within a group. Besides that, ESFJ type individual good in organized, societal, but they have an antipathy to unusual people or environment. This type of people is a good leader in a squad, they are eligible to actuate their member, stimulate squad spirit in order to construct harmoniousness, and form life on a personal footing. Additionally ISFP type is described by Team Technology ( 1995 ) individual usually more inclined to introspective feeling, they easy experience Moody, acquire hurt and dislike alteration. They express their energy towards the interior universe of ideas and emotions. other than this, ISFP individual prone to confusion, they are easy disturbed by other remark or judgement. The chiefly different between from ISFP and ESFJ Harmonizing to C.G.Jung ‘s Theory ( 1977 ) the first two missive in the type codification is the most of import, it ‘s called â€Å" dominant map † . For ESFJ, my dominant map is experiencing, it was more incline to Extraverted Feeling. I rather agree on the trial consequence, in my existent life, I ‘m precisely a individual who extrovert. I like to do friends, take portion of out-of-door activities to regulate the outer universe. I have an antipathy to conceal my look, I preferred express or voice out directly off. For case, I like to work with a group of people, since we can portion the different point of position and values, and do more friends. moreover, I tend to see other experiencing more than my ain, I seek to construct resonance with people, and constructing a strong relationship with people around me, therefore I turn into an of import function of audience in my pack of friends, they like to chew the fat with me. On the others custodies, I like to see something ‘s new, I prefer used my life clip to see different types of life manner or new environment that I ne'er had before, therefore I can accommodate into the new life or new environment to the full in a short times ever. On the another manner unit of ammunition, I ever makes a concluding determination based on my ain basic personal values without interrupt by others. For ISFP, my dominant map is Introverted Feeling, i.e. oriented towards the interior universe. ISFP and ESFJ was happen on me at the same times, nevertheless, harmonizing to the consequence of MBTI trial, I might be non ever extraverted. Review my life, I am a individual who introverted before, I non truly good in build harmoniousness in the universe around me, or encouragement others. For illustration, when I working in a group last clip, I non like to depute my work to others, I prefer done it by myself due to i deficiency of assurance of others or alien, at the terminal, it ‘s conveying a batch of struggle between me and my group mates. However, my extremely assurance and introvert personality spoiled my friend web last clip, hence, I learn to be more Extrovert by spend a batch of times. ESFJ and ISFP non merely differ in Extraversion/Introversion, they besides differ in judgement / perceptual experience. For illustration, if I wish to be after my end, do my life go more stable and good organized, I will differ into judging. While, if I prefer to keep my life flexibleness, I will differ into perceptual experience. ESFJ and ISFP possibly occur at the same times, but it is more depend on the environment or the state of affairs. It ‘s besides called natural disposition by Team Technology ( 1995 ) .3.BELBIN TrialDR Meredith Belbin ( 2003 ) defines a squad function as â€Å" A inclination to act, contribute and interrelate with others in a peculiar manner † . Scribd ( 2009 ) Belbin described the behaviour of a member, how their relationship with others among a squad. The accomplishments developed by Belbin team-role theory allow an single good understanding about their ain strong and failings, and how they conveyed their accomplishment into their occupation o r a group. Belbin separate into nine Team Roles or bunch of behaviour. It was Plant, Resource Investigator, Co-ordinator, Shaper, Monitor Evaluator, Teamworker, Implementer, Completer Finisher and Specialist. Many of the director or employee was taking portion in this questionnaire to detect their ain Team Role penchants, and go a successful leader of a squads. Every of the squad functions can be adopted by different sort of people, it depend on their ain personality types. Application of Test I have been finish the BELBIN trial and the consequence of the trial ( refer Appendix 3 ) has determined and interpreted the assorted facets of my behaviour, harmonizing to the consequence of the trial, I ‘m suit to a occupation which I can utilize my abiding nature or habit covering with everyday responsibilities. The BELBIN trial was showed that I ‘m a individual who extrovert, enthusiastic, communicative, explores chances and develop contacts. Based on my personal experience and MBTI trial, it was a consequence which unswerving and precise. On my old portion clip occupation, I capable to get the better of obstructions with my household or my staff member. Since I ‘m a individual who extrovert and like to societal or research new chances, hence, I know a batch of friends, and develop a high repute among my friends and co-worker, they assist me no affair what job I faced. that is one of the grounds to turn out that I ‘m gave a good feeling to my friends for c ertain. I expand the circle of my life triumphant. The study of the trial besides indicated my failings i.e. may be uncomfortable when holding to cover with force per unit area, uninterested in covering with everyday responsibilities. I was agreed on this, I like to research chances and experience something ‘s new, I detestation making the same things invariably. Once I work under a group, I by and large cooperation with others and supply some utile thought to my group mates. In add-on, deficiency of patiently convey me into suffer one time I working under force per unit area, I ca n't work out my job if force per unit area has come to me. Sometimes, even though the undertaking is easy, one time I gave myself excessively much of force per unit area, I may non execute good or complete it on times, and accordingly it act upon my spirit and besides affect the public presentation on the undermentioned undertaking. If I ca n't let go of my emphasis or work out the job, a feeling of abandonment develops in my bosom accidentally. The BELBIN study besides suggests that I treat anything new as a challenge, therefore leting me to released the emphasis that over sometimes, and they was promote me must larn to pull off my ain calling and self-development in a good thought out manner, and should look towards person who harmony, so merely my ain public presentation is likely to better. Drumhead Harmonizing to the consequence of the three trials I taken, it was proved that I am a multimodal scholar. I must use my strengths astutely and better my failings, so that I can heightening my ain personality and accomplishing an better result than old. The overall three trials, I know my-self better than few old ages ago, and I get ready to get the better of every obstructions that I face, and do non reluctance to make something ‘s may non accommodate my features.4.Comment From My Family or FriendsI received some of the remark from my siblings sentiment on me, harmonizing to their sentiment, it ‘s non truly closed with the result of the trials. It was non surprised me because during semester interruption or vacation, I prefer remaining at place for playing computing machine games or watching play in my room whole twenty-four hours long. due to the hapless communicating between me and my siblings or parents, I ever keep quiet when taking dinner with them or household years s. Furthermore, I born from a household that concern traditional right and subjects, therefore, I remain quiet in order to avoid speaking something incorrect. From twelvemonth to twelvemonth, I non much interact with my household members, hence, this leads them to misconstruing about my personality and disagreed on me being an extravert, which I truly felt that I am.Section A: Part 2: Deduction for calling pickLifelong acquisitionLifelong acquisition is a really critical portion in our life, with cognition, we are able to happen a good occupation, and stronger our place in the present competition state or occupation market. Besides that, cognition can construct up a positive mode and attitude to everyone. Therefore, we know how to take attention of each other ‘s or construct a good relationship with them. Alongside, the figure of grade graduated per twelvemonth was increasing quickly, that is the ground why the present occupation market is so competitory presents, and many com pany or organisation are traveling to use employees who keeping First category or Second category grade certification, while, we know that cognition was moving a really of import function for everyone and it ‘s basically applicable to everyone in the universe today. I need to use my cognition smartly in my life, and besides need to heighten my cognition base every bit much as I can. Knowles ( 1981 ) defined that acquisition is a womb-to-tomb procedure, it can last until the twenty-four hours we left the universe, we supposed to pass our leisure clip to deriving more cognition is better than merely remaining place for kiping or woolgathering. I am wholly agree with this account. Different stage of life was carry out a different womb-to-tomb acquisition manner, before we learn, we must clearly understand how of import of womb-to-tomb acquisition, how it actuate us and how it alter our subject. Besides that, Robotham ( 1995, cites at thorson,2005, p78 ) suggested that homo should preparatory to larn in their initial phase ; hence, we have to guarantee the instruction manner was suit to the stage of homo. For illustration, kids may non accept the instruction manners of grownups. In other manner, we have to put the mission or vision for ourselves, therefore we merely able to heighten our larning motive. We ca n't populate under a environment without larning or motive. Harmonizing to the consequence of Myer Briggs and BELBIN trial, I able to judge myself is a womb-to-tomb scholar since I am a individual who like to research chances and extravert ever. I plan to take maestro classs after finishing my degree plan, and enter into banking industry. Bank will offer a batch of developing class to their staff, hence, I plan to go a banker due to this ground, and I am able to update myself ever without knock out by the new coevals. Alongside, it is a best opportunity which let me to derive more cognition and better my communicating accomplishments among people. Wlodkowski ( 1999, cited at Klingensmith, 2006 ) states that â€Å" high degree of motive to larn for the grownups produces the higher acquisition consequences, the public presentation achieved † Lifelong acquisition is one of the best manner for me to heighten myself and develop good in my calling. Everyone has different larning manner or different manner to get cognition, therefore we must take a right manner of larning which suit us the most. Besides that, I will get cognition through many different sort of manner i.e. I will seek to do more friends from different civilization or different states, so that we can larn each other civilization and values. My read/write facet is non good plenty, so I have to better my read/write accomplishments and use my reading/writing accomplishments to understand what I read across assorted texts. Following, I do non excessively rely on those cognition or information that I had, I try to be unfastened minded and accept the new information. Group treatment is the other best manner for me to larning and get cognition, I sharing sentiment with my group mates, this is the manner for me to accept others sentiments and advice and besides help me in constructing up my cognition and trust between each others. I learned to copy the positive attitude or behaviour that I every had from others. Harmonizing to the Myer-Briggs trial, I more incline to Extrovert, I take the advantages on it and convey it into my womb-to-tomb acquisition, and seek to construct myself go a autonomous scholar. I plan to do more friend who older than me, therefore, I can derive more things and existent experience from them. For illustration, I observe how a director or a leader perform in a company, how they lead a squad become successful. A company screen by a batch of different types personality people, I use the opportunity to do more different personality type of friends and assisting those people who introverts since I am a individual who introverts earlier. In order to do certain the work can running under a harmoniousness environment, I learn to accept people sentiment, and constructing up the good relationship with everyone around me.Movable Sk illsIn order to do certain I can to the full accommodate into my future calling occupation, I would wish to heighten all my accomplishments invariably, hence I can force my-self to the soap and accomplish the best public presentation in the occupation. How to go a successful bank director in banking industry? In order to managing the occupation efficaciously, communicating accomplishments, leading accomplishments and composing accomplishments. Those accomplishments was playing a really of import function from clip to clip. Banking industry is one of the biggest industry in the universe today. Many of the international bank like HSBC Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, CITIBANK, Barclays Bank, they have a immense figure of client from different states. So the accomplishments of authorship, computing machine accomplishments, and Foreign linguistic communication is really of import. We are traveling to except by the industry if we do non hold the sufficient accomplishments. Furthermore, as a bank director may confront a plentifulness clients every twenty-four hours, hence, I must be better my communicating accomplishments, so that I find it easy while communicate with client or people from different states. I know a different sort of linguistic communications such as Citrus reticulata, Cantonese, Malay, English, Nipponese etc, hence, I am able to pass on with different type of clients, and do more friends. Additionally, communicating accomplishments was of import for certain, hence, I besides need to better my authorship accomplishment, interpersonal accomplishments, and so-on. Harmonizing to the trial I took, I have good sociableness accomplishments, high motivate accomplishment and leading accomplishment. It was average that I can construct a strong relationship with my client and co-worker. Once one become a Bank director, I will set a batch of attempt to go a successful banker director, and I want to distribute my cognition and my accomplishments to my staff and lead my squad go stronger and stronger. This station needs a really strong leading accomplishments, be aftering accomplishments, motive accomplishments, and communicating accomplishments, acquiring more concern from the clients, create a batch of new selling schemes to pull more client and maximise the net incomes of the bank. I will use my accomplishments, cognition, and experience sagely that I had in order to full adapt into the occupation place.Justify choose calling pickI will be after to prosecute my calling in International Banking industry after graduating with a grade in Business with international direction at Northumbria University. My occupation is needed a batch of accomplishments and cognition, so womb-to-tomb larning automatically go a really of import portion in my life, I ca n't even halt it, because I need the updated knowledge/information and latest accomplishments to managing my future occupation efficaciously. I pick two occupation advertizement ( see APENDIX 4 ) . The occupation advertizement that I found was clearly states the minimal demand, the item information of the occupation and where is the location of the occupation. In the advertizement, the Team gross revenues director must be possess at least a Bachelor ‘s Degree. Besides, the campaigner should be hold gross revenues experience in retail industry before. The campaigner are required to hold good communicating, motivation, taking and selling accomplishments. Additionally, the campaigner are required to Develop and keep a good web of concern contact and besides guarantee the gross revenues mark are met ever. On the other custodies, the advertizement states that the campaigner must hold the ability to take, motivate, and coach a gross revenues squad. The applicant must be flexible to be shifted countrywide, work in a group, therefore, good communicating accomplishments and taking accomplishments was become the compulsory needs within this occupation. The bank director are encourage to hold good harmonisation because bank director is the who traveling to go to meeting with different section largely. Standard Chartered Bank has provided preparation classs and banking operations oversea short classs to candidate for understanding more item about the merchandise of the SCB, and the regulations and ordinance, so that the director are encouraged to be flexible. In order to pull more client and take the squad become successful, the director are required being to extrovert ever. The squad sale director hopefully able to working under force per unit area, since I ‘m a individual who extrovert, sociableness, hence, I believed I will suit good to this place and able to use my strengths in this occupation. Additionally, BELBIN trial consequence shows that I am a resource research worker, who loves to research chances and develop contacts. Therefore, I can carry through most of the demand as stated by the occupation description in the occupation advertizement.DecisionFinally, after I being done the three trials, I know my personality, my accomplishments, and my learning manner, and besides learned how to better my failings. since I plan my calling and life, I must be put a batch of attempt to do my dream come true, and besides maintain the attitude of womb-to-tomb larning until terminal of my life or directing the of import message about the of import of womb-to-tomb acquisition to my future household members.

Mary Rowlandson vs. Mary Jemison’s Essay

Mary Rowlandson was a Puritan women living in Lancaster, Massachusetts with her husband Joseph, and their three children, when the Indians captured them. The Indians killed Rowlandson’s sister and her youngest child. In 1758, fifteen year old Mary Jemison was captured by a Shawnee and French raiding party that attacked her farm. She was adopted and incorporated into the Senecas, she became very close to her Seneca sisters. Mary refused the opportunity to return home, finding life in Indian society more rewarding, then going back to the British colonial culture. These two women had very similar interpretations of the Indians and how they treated them. Mary Rowlandson’s view of the Indians that captured her, is harsher compared to Mrs. Jemison’s. Mrs. Rowlandson saw them burn and destroy homes, knock people on the head, and kill the ones she loved and knew. I can see why she referred to them as â€Å"barbarous creatures†, â€Å"murderous wretches†, â€Å"heathen,† â€Å"ravenous beasts,† and â€Å"hell-hounds†. A women of her stature, who was a puritan and thought of these people to be of the wilderness, was not used to their way of life. She and her children were dragged through the wilderness, trying their best to survive. She began to adapt to the living conditions by finding her own food, making her own clothes, and tolerating the Indians. She relied on God and scriptures to uplift her spirit as she traveled with her capturers; which I believe helped her not only survive, but helped her learn that the Indians are Gods creation too, and should be forgiven just as the Lord has forgiven us of our sins, even if they did do horrible things to her and the people she knew. Mary Jemison on the other hand did not go through such a horrifying experience when the Indians captured her and her family. She heard that there had been conflict in the Indian and French War and there could be no doubt that they might get involved in the turmoil. When she came of age she  married a Delaware man named Sheninjee and had a child with him, whom she called Thomas after her father. Mrs. Jemison stated that they were captured by six Indians and four Frenchman, who immediately commenced plundering and took what they considered most valuable, which consisted of bread, meal, and meat. On that same day as they were marching, she said an Indian went behind us with a whip, with which he frequently lashed the children to make them keep up; we traveled till dark without a mouthful of food or a drop of water. She also states that when the children cried for water at night they were made to drink urine . The Indians took her and a little boy, after they put moccasins on their feet, and led them to another path leaving the others behind. Jemison stated that â€Å"early the next morning the Indians and Frenchmen that we had left the night before, came to us; but our friends were left behind. It is impossible for anyone to form a correct idea of what my feelings were at the sight of those savages , whom I supposed had murdered my parents and brothers, sisters, and friends, and left them in the swamp to be devoured by wild beasts!†(pg. 137). Jemison probably hated them at this moment but who wouldn’t they left her family to be murdered, but while she traveled on this long journey with them she began to watch the customs the natives were used to and did; like getting rid of their tracks left behind them and making sure everything they touched was put back into place so they would not be followed. She recalls that even though she was there prisoner they supplied her with a meal, new Indian clothes, they undressed and dressed her and washed her clean. After the Indians had did these things for her, they relieved there cries and howling at a ceremony for a deceased relative; Mrs. Jemison goes on to say â€Å"in the course of that ceremony, from mourning they became serene—joy sparkled in their countenances, and they seemed to rejoice over me as over a long-lost child. I was made welcome amongst them as a sister to the two squaws mentioned before, and was called Dickewamis; which being interpreted, signifies a pretty girl, a handsome girl, or a pleasant, good thing. That is the name by which I have ever since been called by the Indians. It was my happy lot to be accepted for adoption: and at the time of the ceremony I was received by the two squaws, to supply tile place of their mother in the family; and I was ever considered and treated by them as a real sister, the same as though I had been horn of their mother. During my adoption, I sat motionless,  nearly terrified to death at the appearance and actions of the company, expecting every moment to feel their vengeance, and suffer death on the spot. I was, however, happily disappointed, when at the close of the ceremony the company retired, and my sisters went about employing every means for my consolation and comfort. Being now settled and provided with a home, I was employed in nursing the children, and doing light work about the house. Occasionally I was sent out with the Indian hunters, when they went but a short distance, to help them carry their game. My situation was easy; I had no particular hardships to endure. But still, the recollection of my parents, my brothers and sisters, my home, and my own captivity, destroyed my happiness, and made me constantly solitary, lonesome and gloomy.†(p. 142-143). The Indians took Mrs. Jemison in and made her one of their own, and even though they did this she still feels remorse for her family, but doesn’t have hatred towards them, but learns their ways and becomes accustomed to their lifestyle. In the end she becomes a part of their life and them a part of hers, which she most likely didn’t think would happen. The difference between Mary Rowlandson and Mary Jemison is that Mrs. Rowlandson went through a much more disastrous and awful experience with the Indians, they didn’t show her as much mercy as the Indians did during the Indian and French War. Rowlandson also clings closer and relies on God for hope and comfort compared to Mary Jemison; even though Jemison did pray and try to stay tied to her roots, she eventually ended up conforming to the Indian lifestyle, unlike Mrs. Rowlandson. The time difference between the two women is also a factor that plays a role in how they were treated and how they perceived the Indians. These two women were strong and ended up becoming famous for their captivity novels, which hopefully they are proud of for sharing their history on this matter.

Educational Philosophy

Educational Philosophy An educational philosophy is a personal statement of a teachers guiding principles about big picture education-related issues, such as how student learning and potential are most effectively maximized, as well as the role of educators in the classroom, school, community, and society Each teacher comes to the classroom with a unique set of principles and ideals that affects student performance. A statement of educational philosophy sums up these tenets for self-reflection, professional growth, and sometimes sharing with the larger school community. An example of the opening statement for an educational philosophy is, I believe that a teacher should have the highest of expectations for each of her students. This maximizes the positive benefits that come naturally with any self-fulfilling prophecy. With dedication, perseverance, and hard work, her students will rise to the occasion. Designing Your Educational Philosophy Statement Writing an educational philosophy statement is often part of degree courses for teachers. Once you write one, it can be used to guide your answers in job interviews, included in your teaching portfolio, and distributed to your students and their parents. You can modify it over the course of your teaching career. It begins with an introductory paragraph summarizing the teachers point of view on education and the teaching style you will use. It can be a vision of your perfect classroom. The statement usually contains two or more paragraphs and a conclusion. The second paragraph can discuss your teaching style and how you will motivate your students to learn. The third paragraph can explain how you plan to assess your students and encourage their progress. The last paragraph summarizes the statement again. Educational Philosophy Examples As with your students, you may be able to learn best by seeing samples that can help inspire you. You can modify these examples, using their structure but rewording them to reflect your own viewpoint, teaching style, and ideal classroom. Teaching Philosophy Statement Examples: These four examples of the first paragraph of an educational philosophy statement can help you when you are developing your own.Educational Philosophy Sample: This full sample shows the structure of four paragraphs for an educational philosophy statement. Using Your Educational Philosophy Statement An educational philosophy statement is not just a one-and-done exercise. You can use it at many points in your teaching career and you should revisit it annually to review and refresh it. Your Teacher Application and Interview: When you apply for a teaching job, you can expect that one of the questions will be about your teaching philosophy. Review your educational philosophy statement and be prepared to discuss it at the interview or provide it in your job application.Preparing for the New School Year or a Classroom Change: How has your experience in the classroom changed your educational philosophy? Before the start of each year, or when changing classrooms, set aside time to reflect on your philosophy statement. Update it and add it to your portfolio.

How to Write a Technology Research Paper Detailed Steps #038; Guidelines

How to Write a Technology Research Paper Detailed Steps #038; Guidelines Need advice on how to write a technology research paper fast? Unfortunately, there is no magic formula for creating a successful research paper. Actually, it’s the question of being able to organize your time and research materials effectively. In this article, you will find essential steps that can serve you as a general guide for writing your next research paper on technology. You’ll find advice on how to select a winning topic, organize the research process, make a working outline, and write typical research paper sections. Besides, we’ll provide you with 20 impressive technology research paper topics to help you get started. What Is a Technology Research Paper? First, let’s define what type of academic assignment a technology term paper is and find out how it should be structured. A technology research paper is an extended writing assignment. To successfully complete research papers, students need to identify a broad area of research related to the subject, do some general background reading to focus the research topic, formulate a clear research question, study lots of primary and secondary sources to answer that research question, and write a paper, presenting a clear and logical argument with proper citations. Typically, the technology research paper writing has the following structure: An abstract is a brief summary of the research paper not more than 250 words in length. An introduction provides readers with the background information and explanations of key terms. The body is typically broken down to different sections such as literature review, methods, findings, discussion, and conclusion. /References page contains the list of all the resources that an author used for obtaining the necessary information. But you may be given different guidelines for organizing your research paper. So you should check with your instructor the basic layout of the technology research paper you were assigned to write. Besides, you can check styles guides such as APA, MLA etc. to get more information about organizing your research paper. Choose an Interesting Technology Research Paper Topic Technology is a vast subject area and it offers a wide range of good topics to choose from for research work. Technology is constantly evolving and lots of new subjects are added with every passing day. You should choose a topic that you are interested in and feel comfortable writing about. Then you are likely to enjoy the writing process and will be able to demonstrate your passion for the subject of your paper and impress your readers. Make sure that your topic is researchable and you can find enough secondary and primary sources. On the other hand, if the topic of your research paper is too broad, you should narrow it to one particular aspect so that could be able to examine it thoroughly within the limits of your research paper. For example, if you are interested in big data, you can write about developing effective big data strategies for business. Not sure which technology research paper topic to choose? Have a look at this short list of awesome term paper topic ideas and feel free to use them for completing your own projects. Problems of Regulation of Infertility Technologies; What Is The Future of Genetically Modified Food Technologies? Main Differences Between Brains And Computers; Inequality in Access to Technological Developments; Genetic Testing on People; Long-term Impact of Technologies on the Global Economy; How Can Technology Help Determine the Possible Future Health Risks? What Is the Role of Genetically Modified Food Technologies in Solving Hunger Issues? How Can People Use New Technologies to Change The World? Positive and Negative Effects of Living in a Technological World; Digital Tools and Productivity at Work; Censorships and Control of the Internet; What Is Better: Organic Food or Genetically Modified Food? Advancements in Reproduction Technologies; How Can New Technologies Help In Treating Morbid Obesity? How Can Genetic Engineering Help in Treating Genetic Diseases? Will Virtual Reality Technologies Change Humans? Impact of Technologies on the Interaction of People in the Workplace; New Technologies and Teaching Traditional Researching Skills; Why Is Machine Learning the Future? Research the Topic If the chosen topic is not familiar to you, you should do some background reading to get a better idea of it. You can read subject encyclopedias and handbooks because they give concise scholarly overviews of the most important aspects of different topics. Your next step is to find and read relevant sources that meet your assignment’s requirements. You can use a variety of printed and electronic sources: scholarly books that provide in-depth analysis of specific subjects in historical context; articles from scientific journals that offer the latest information; newspapers that provide the basic information on the topic and can serve primary sources. You will need to use library resources at your university and tools for locating scholarly articles and books. Read the sources that you have found and jot down the most interesting ideas that you can use for citing, summarizing or paraphrasing in your paper. Don’t forget to note the necessary information about each source that you will need for creating the References page (title, author, year of publication etc.). You can take notes using separate cards for each source or on a spreadsheet. Make an Outline Plan your research paper by creating a detailed sentence outline. First, create a strong thesis statement that will clearly communicate the subject of your technology research paper and your approach to investigating it. It will guide your writing and help you stay focused on the subject of your research paper. For example, if you are writing about the advantages of virtual reality for business, your thesis can be like this one: ‘Many businesses are now taking advantage of integrating virtual reality devices into their day-to-day work to reduce spending, enhance system security, and ensure faster disaster recovery.’ During the next step, you have to group and regroup the notes that you have made during your research, taking into account different aspects of your topic. You should do your best to find a logical sequence in them. This sequence can serve as a foundation for your future outline. Use brainstorming techniques to make a diagram or sketch of your argument (clustering, making mind maps). Write your thesis in the center of a page or at the top of it and cluster the key points you are going to make around it. Write the evidence you are planning to use under these points and use arrows to show connections between the ideas. When you are satisfied with the sketch, you can make an outline to determine the best structure to support your argument. Write the First Draft Write a rough draft of your technology research paper using your organized notes and the outline as guides. Write down the flow of your ideas and don’t worry about the proper punctuation or spelling at this stage of the writing process. With a detailed outline, you can start writing your paper from any section and don’t worry that you’ll miss some important points. Be ready to make several version of a rough draft and make adjustments in them until you are completely satisfied with the logical flow, clarity, and coherence of your text. When writing paragraphs, you should ensure that all of them are strong, clearly develop the argument of your thesis statement, and make sense within your paper as a whole. Each paragraph should develop one main idea and begin with a topic sentence relevant to your thesis statement. You are to develop the main idea of your paragraphs in the supporting sentences and give enough evidence to convince your readers that your ideas are right. Use transitions to show connections between your ideas in separate sentences and different paragraphs. Keep in mind that the information flow in research papers typically resembles the hourglass because it starts with general and goes to specific and then goes back to general again. You introduce the problem and give general information in such chapters as the introduction and the literature review. In methods and results, you have to present specific information about your project. In the discussion and conclusion, you need to discuss your research findings in a larger context. Now let’s discuss what information you should include into each of your technology research paper chapters in detail. Abstract Abstracts are written for readers to help them quickly overview the overall content of a paper. You may find it too challenging to write this section of your research paper because of its strict word limit. It is typically written last when the entire paper has been completed. Your abstract has to include the presentation of your topic and the specific research question, give information about methods that you have used, and generally inform your readers about the results and findings. Introduction The primary goal of any introduction is to catch the attention of the audience and get the readers ‘turned o’ about the subject. It should follow an ‘inverted pyramid’ structure. You have to start broadly by providing the background information about your topic and then narrow down to a specific research question or thesis statement. You should also define the key term that you are going to use in your argument. Besides, explain the purpose of your study and its significance. Literature Review If your technology research paper relies on secondary research, you have to provide a good review of the existing literature and the history to help readers better understand the discussion to come. You need to synthesize the relevant information form a variety of significant sources that discuss some aspects of the problem and are somehow connected with the major point of your research project. You have to examine the major theories and their contributors. Methods If your research paper relies on primary research, you have to provide a detailed description of the research design and methods that you used to complete the study. You should provide your readers with enough information so that they could replicate the study. Results/Findings This chapter is included in research papers that are based on primary research. You should provide details about the results of your studies in a clear and unbiased way. You don’t have to discuss the significance of your findings in this section. This section can also include some tables or graphs if needed. Discussion and Conclusions This section is usually the longest in a research paper. You have to present a well-supported argument, a critique of existing theories or discussion of your results. If your project is based on primary research, you need to answer the hypothesis, interpret the results, and explain why they are reasonable and precise. You can also explain how your findings are related to the previous research that was discussed in the literature review. In the conclusion, you need to reinforce the major claim and explain why it is significant. You can also give some recommendations for further research based on your findings. References No academic paper can be complete without the list of references. You should make a list of all academic sources that you used for writing your technology research paper. The format of this page should match the style that you used in the text of your paper according to the guidelines provided by your instructor. When you have written your first draft, you have to put it aside and take a break for a while. Then you need to revise your draft to improve the content and the logic. You may need to delete some sentences or paragraphs, rearrange your paragraphs, and add some new information to make your explanation clear to your readers. You may also need to review some of your documentation. Editing and Proofreading Tips from Our Writing Experts While editing, you should first look at your technology research paper at the paragraph level and check transitions between them. Then you should concentrate on separate sentences; A good idea is to read your research paper out loud. In this way, you may notice when a sentence sounds somehow â€Å"off† to you and needs to be changed; While proofreading, you should focus on the style of your research paper and check grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Don’t rely on grammar and spelling checkers. Instead, you should use a grammar book, a thesaurus for synonyms, and a good dictionary for correct spelling.

5 Alternate Candidates that Students Ask to Be Their Writing Tutors

5 Alternate Candidates that Students Ask to Be Their Writing Tutors 5 Alternate Candidates that Students Ask to Be Their Writing Tutors Writing tutors usually charge high fees that the average college student cannot afford. If you would like to hire a professional tutor, but simply do not have the money to spend, here are five options to consider. 1. Friends If you have a friend who is an excellent writer or enjoys writing papers, you can ask him/her to be your writing tutor. Perhaps, you are good at math so you can offer him/her math tutoring in exchange for writing help. Asking your friend for help is a good option because it is usually easier to work with someone you feel comfortable. In addition, your friend knows you and can probably figure out how to explain information in a way that makes sense to you. 2. Relatives If you have a cousin, aunt, grandparent, or sibling who excels at writing, they will most likely be willing to help you write a paper. Relatives will support you for free. If you aren’t sure who of your relatives is a good writer, try asking if someone would like to be your writing tutor. 3. Senior Student Another good idea is to hire a senior student, preferably one who has already graduated from the university. This person will consult you on how to write papers successfully on the specific subject or for the particular professor. He/she will do it much better than someone else. You may even ask for his/her own papers you can read for guidance. Most graduates work as tutors just after finishing the university in order to earn some extra cash, while they are unemployed. Of course he/she may charge you for tutoring, but the fee will not be as high as for a professional helper. 4. Professor Most professors have office hours, the time set aside for students to come to the professor’s office and ask their questions. So, when you have some troubles with paper writing you may feel free to ask your supervisor for help. It does not matter what kind of questions you have. Maybe you need some advice on topic selection, or you are wondering if your paper is organized appropriately. Take into account that you are not the only one who needs help, and your professor may speak to several other students at the same time. So, if you have decided to go there, it is better to plan what you want to ask, in order not to come there hundred times every day with only one question per time. Keep in mind that your professor is the one who will grade your paper, so they are often the best people to ask for advice. As well as professors also notice and appreciate students who take the time and efforts to attend office hours. 5.   Classmates If you have no relatives or no senior students to help you, you may ask your group mates if they have such people who help them with the assignments. Everyone knows that the best way to comprehend   the material is to explain it to other people. So, ask your classmates if anyone is aware of the issue you have faced. If there is one who knows it, he/she will help you for sure, as well as, if you are good at the questions other students ask, you may help them too. Even more, it is a great idea to organize a study group, where students can discuss all the tricky points sitting together in a room. Do not worry about not having enough money to afford a professional writing tutor. There are lots of great options that will fit into any budget!

Hallow International School Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hallow International School - Assignment Example This diversity is well represented in the Hallow Group of Schools where a tableau of educational experiences, inclusive of intensive sports, music drama and others that are invaluable to a child’s holistic growth is offered.   In addition, I take cognizance of the fact that Hong Kong is a highly cosmopolitan country where people from numerous global cultures interact in the course of business and work. The cultural diversity that the school allows due to the multicultural student and staff population is, therefore, a major incentive. I would like my son to appreciate the experience of living and interacting with people from other cultures so that he can effectively function both professionally and socially without being limited by social-cultural boarders. Finally, the school’s reputation precedes it; everyone I talked to and who have had a child in any of the institutions under Hallow International Schools was very positive about it and they assured me that having my son admitted there would be the best thing I could do for him academically and socially. Given the strength of these compliments and what I have found out for myself, I feel that it is my responsibility as a parent to give my son the best foundation possible and Hallows easily fits and exceeds the bill.

Internet safety & appropriate use of digital technology Essay

Internet safety & appropriate use of digital technology - Essay Example It goes without a word that the societies have become a global village, with the support of the vast technologies that allow people to socialize, share, create, and manipulate available digital information and images across the globe. These substantial benefits in the current digital age have however, propelled numerous irregularities ranging from illegal to unethical conducts, such as unauthorized copying and reproduction of copyrighted works, cyber and computer crimes, irresponsible postings of online contents, invasion of privacy, and unsafe use of the digital information and technology (James et al, 2009). To avoid and prevent all those factors, while promoting effective use of the technology, the society (both adults and the young generation) needs adequate information to guide them on what can and cannot do. Using Copyrighted Work Technology through the use of binary digits has enabled production of replicas of original works of authors. Because the modern computers are very ad vanced, people and especially students find it very easy to locate written materials and copy them in their assignments, or compile them as reports of their work. Very genuinely, some do not have the idea behind the copyright law and the penalties associated; but others have overlooked the legitimacy of the copyright protections, to accomplish their activities at the expense of the others (authors). According to Popek, copyrights protections exist where a work has been created (whether, music, artwork, written books, magazines, films, and software among others) by an author and demonstrates his or her creativity, besides having being recorded and proved to be original; as such, copyright law makes it legal to sue any persons or companies for criminal charges, if they acted against the author’s wish (which could be unauthorized copying, creating replicas, sharing or viewing on other grounds) (2011). All the published works are always protected by the copyright law, and unless the author authorizes certain activities, the people accessing the copyrighted work are bound to use it according to what the law specifies. It therefore becomes important to acknowledge the author when documenting one’s work, if at all there exists a replica of a part or the whole of the copyrighted work. An original work is someone’s intellectual property; hence the society is obliged to respect that and access the services through a legal process, such as buying and using the legal opportunities provided by the author of the work, otherwise if law is enforced, the violations are harshly charged for the crime. The people, especially students and those who deal with documentations need to refer their borrowed ideas and quotations to the authors of the published work, in appreciation and with respect to the law. It saves them from engaging in plagiarism and directs them towards building their own original work with authenticity. Safe use of the technologies is a matter of self-discipline to behave as supposed, whether being observed or not. Knowing that, students with advanced technological devices, such as enabled cameras and internets in their smart phones can avoid cheating and plagiarism, because even available systems can detect copies of published work. Privacy Dealing with information technology

Plasma International and Blood Plasma Transfusions Case Study

Plasma International and Blood Plasma Transfusions - Case Study Example Blood most especially the one provided through donations by third world countries at a low price should not be sold back to them at exorbitant prices. Blood should be available to anyone at any time without charge or obligation because donors don’t gain preference over non-donors. I don’t agree with the writer because human blood, just like any other human body part should come at a price. People pay to replace their kidneys, arms, eyes knees even heart valves. Just like blood other body parts are as important so I don’t see why when it comes to the donation of blood it should be different. Just because blood comes from human who can continuously produce more, doesn’t mean one can collect it freely(Zimmer.Preston n.d) There are many things involved before, during and after someone is transfused with blood that is costly. Starting with purchasing needles, collection bags, sterilizers, vacuum containers, equipment for laboratory testing to verify the purity of the blood. Medical practitioners, as well as the supplies they use like lab coats, latex gloves, and protective equipment, need to be purchased. Also, transportation cost from the donor to the recipient should not be left out. According to me, it’s not unethical if the company k eeps the price to receive donor blood affordable to the recipient. And as long as it operates legally, it’s fine with me. After all, medicine nowadays is profit generating as any other. The existence of blood market does not threaten the right to donate freely (Zimmer.Preston (n.d) There are facts that contradict my argument, the fact that marketing threatens all rights to receive freely donated blood. The commercialization of blood discourages voluntary blood donors; someone will be reluctant to donate freely knowing very well that someone will be financially profitable out of it (Paying donors and the ethics of blood supply. n.d.).  Still, it seems likely that  when suppliers get paid, the would-be non-cash donor losses the sense that their contribution is necessary (Güceri, Fridman   & North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 2008).  

The Israeli Wall Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Israeli Wall - Research Paper Example It has also taken a lot of international assistance to bring the situation to an end but this has not been so productive in that all the opportunities to enable the two sides come to a conclusive solution has always been lost because of one way or the other. One of the most spirited international efforts to bring peace in the war torn area was in the 1993 when Oslo accord was signed to pave ways for the two warring sides to strike a deal in ending their differences that has resulted to humanitarian crisis in the area. The Oslo accord was secretly discussed in Norway and the agreements officially signed in the US, Washington DC in the Presence of the then US president Bill Clinton but because of the Intifada war that followed, the intention of the accord hit a dead end and no conclusive resolution was reached. What is the Israeli Wall? Following the conflict between the Israelis and the Palestinians over Gaza and West Bank, the areas have been demarcated, thought without any consensus from the parties involved, which territory belongs to the Israel and that which belongs to Palestine. The demarcation has always not been taken as a fair consideration by the Palestine and they have developed over time a tendency of advancing terrorism activities in the Israeli infested areas resulting into cycles of casualties year round (Gelvin 62). To avert this notoriety, the Israeli decided to construct a barrier wall that will delimit the Israeli and the Palestine so that they are cushioned form their terrorist activities that have been very devastating. The construction of the will is estimated to be about seven hundred meters long and about eight meters tall consisting of concrete wall, 90% of the constructed wall is an inhibiting fence with a vehicle-barrier trenches that is surrounded by about 60 meter area of wide exclusion area (Gelvin 67). With the reference made by the Israeli human rights organization, they conform that the barrier wall is concentrated in the West Ba nk area and extends along the 1949 armistice line that is between the Israeli and Palestine side of the West Bank. The Israeli wall is not a surprise, they have previously constructed the Gaza strip barrier that delimits Israel and Egypt, and this was constructed in the 1994 and was concluded in 2005 (Kershner 49). The Israeli has developed the tendency of secluding themselves through the barrier wall in cases of foreseeable attack by their enemies. Israeli’s Justification On their side regarding the construction of the wall, the Israeli have insisted that providing protection to their civilian is their responsibility in whatever cost and will do all that is possible to ensure that their civilians are not under coercion, pressure or threats from any quarter and to be specific, the Palestinian terrorism activities. They confirm that since the onset of the second Intifada, the Palestine has attacked the Israeli civilian in several occasions by suicide bombers and that needed to be put under stringent check, otherwise, it was going to be out of control. They say the attacks they have witnessed form the Palestinians since the second Intifada justifies the construction of the wall for the purposes of their civilian protection (Semmerling 104). The Israeli also confirms that since the beginning if the wall’s construction, there has been a significant reduction in the number of the suicide attack from Palestine. With

Business law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business law - Case Study Example The customer or other persons should be protected from harm not only while he is performing a business transaction but also while entering and leaving the premises. This case comes under the purview of Occupier’s Liability Act 1957. The Occupiers Liability Act 1957 regulates occupiers liability to visitors or customers who pay visit to their premises. S 1(2) of the Act defines ‘visitors’ as persons who enter the premises with the permission by the occupier. The Learned Wig is a shop where visitors are invited to do a business transaction. As per the law, visitors are those persons who have the express or implied permission of the occupier to be on the premises to carry out a transaction. Therefore, Henry was a visitor to the occupier’s premises and hence comes under the provisions of this Act. If Henry was a trespasser the case would have come under the Occupiers Liability Act 1984. Section 2(4)(a) of Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957 declares that a warning will only discharge the occupiers’ duty regarding danger, but the warning should be reasonable and must possess necessary guidelines to avoid such dangers. In Henry’s case there was no warning implying Henry to keep away from the pile of books, which was going to fall on him. A simple warning like ‘do not touch’ or ‘enter at your own risk’ could not be treated as warning because it is totally insufficient to invite the attention of the visitors against the danger waiting for them. The warning provided by The Learned Wig is not specific and is a willful desistance from taking liability of injuries caused by their negligence. The warning, which the management has put, was nothing but a sign cautioning the customers, and the same had hidden motives and was not expressive to the visitor or to the customer, and hence it cannot be treated as a sufficient warning under th e proviso. The legal approach is based on the

Quality Initiative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Quality Initiative - Essay Example Thus, we stick with a very high standard of quality which is attained only when the business organization manufactures product which is free from any deficiency. The importance of quality in ZJZ Cosmetics can never be overstated. First of all, quality has become the one of the most important tenets of the company. Quality is a competitive advantage which identifies and separates ZJZ Cosmetics from its numerous competitors in the marketplace. It is with this high standard of quality that we established our reputation in the industry together with our customer’s trust and confidence. The focus on quality has enabled ZJC cosmetics to create an image of excellence gaining strong patronage from numerous clients. Maintaining high product quality ensures the satisfaction of customers’ needs and facilitates the establishment of strategic partnerships with them. Excellent product quality is not only instrumental in attracting new clients and maintaining current ones. ZJZ Cosmetics’ financial objectives of profitability and maximization of shareholder value is attained largely through its commitment in manufacturing products with zero deficiencies. This helps the company to minimize wastage thereby making its processes more time and cost efficient. In line with ZJZ Corporation’s goal of upholding product excellence, it will put in place a quality control system which generally aims to establish routine technical activities to measure and control the quality of the inventory as it is being developed. This effort will be used in order to ensure that products are manufactured according to their purpose at their specifications allowing no room for defects. The specific objectives of the quality initiative are stated as follows: The quality control program will be ZJZ Cosmetic’s primary means of maintaining the excellence of its products and improving the efficiency of its production

Business law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business law - Case Study Example The customer or other persons should be protected from harm not only while he is performing a business transaction but also while entering and leaving the premises. This case comes under the purview of Occupier’s Liability Act 1957. The Occupiers Liability Act 1957 regulates occupiers liability to visitors or customers who pay visit to their premises. S 1(2) of the Act defines ‘visitors’ as persons who enter the premises with the permission by the occupier. The Learned Wig is a shop where visitors are invited to do a business transaction. As per the law, visitors are those persons who have the express or implied permission of the occupier to be on the premises to carry out a transaction. Therefore, Henry was a visitor to the occupier’s premises and hence comes under the provisions of this Act. If Henry was a trespasser the case would have come under the Occupiers Liability Act 1984. Section 2(4)(a) of Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957 declares that a warning will only discharge the occupiers’ duty regarding danger, but the warning should be reasonable and must possess necessary guidelines to avoid such dangers. In Henry’s case there was no warning implying Henry to keep away from the pile of books, which was going to fall on him. A simple warning like ‘do not touch’ or ‘enter at your own risk’ could not be treated as warning because it is totally insufficient to invite the attention of the visitors against the danger waiting for them. The warning provided by The Learned Wig is not specific and is a willful desistance from taking liability of injuries caused by their negligence. The warning, which the management has put, was nothing but a sign cautioning the customers, and the same had hidden motives and was not expressive to the visitor or to the customer, and hence it cannot be treated as a sufficient warning under th e proviso. The legal approach is based on the

Final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Final - Assignment Example tury liberal rights custom, in the feeling of being outlined fundamentally to ensure natives from state activity which encroaches upon singular freedom and self-governance. The assert that the right to " life, freedom and security of the individual" under area 7 assurances the right to deny unwanted health awareness medication is predictable with this origination of the Charter.2 Since its establishment, inquiries have likewise been raised regarding whether the Charter not just keeps the state from meddling with unique flexibilities, yet obliges governments to take positive measures to guarantee that Canadians can to be sure delight in the full profit of essential human rights. From this point of view, the issue whether the Charter assurances access to human services benefits as a component of the right to life, freedom and security of the individual under area 7, or of the right to equivalent insurance and equivalent profit of the law under segment 15(1) of the Charter, is a matter of much more amazing investment (Jacob, 2007). The medicinal calling has as far back as anyone can remember subscribed to a collection of moral explanations created principally for the profit of the patient. As a part of this calling, a doctor must distinguish obligation to patients as a matter of first importance, and to social order, to other wellbeing experts, and to self. The accompanying Principles embraced by the American Medical Association are not laws, however measures of behavior which characterize the essentials of fair conduct for the whole association and its administration. A regular skeleton utilized as a part of the examination of therapeutic morals is the "four standards" methodology hypothesized by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress in their reading material Principles of biomedical morals. It distinguishes four fundamental good standards, which are to be judged and weighed against one another, with consideration provided for the extent of their requisition. The four

Bad news or refusal letter Essay Example for Free

Bad news or refusal letter Essay On behalf of BD Small Appliances, I would like to thank you for purchasing the Moulinex Soft Crunch Toaster Oven last April 3, 2007. At BD Small appliances, we value customer satisfaction over anything else. We also take pride in providing quality assurance certified appliances to all out clients and do our best to offer the best after sales service in the market today through our optional extended warranty offer. Under the extended warranty offer, any appliance bought from our store carries an extended 2-year warranty on parts for factory defective appliances as well as free repair and service covering the first year of purchase. The extended warranty also comes with an option to replace the defective unit upon the request of the client. No questions asked. Unfortunately, your purchase is only covered by the regular warranty of the toaster that is good for only one year and covers only factory defects. The problem with your toaster stems from client misuse. Our company technician found a substance similar to melted butter and an unidentifiable sticky substance covering the heating coils. This is what caused the toaster to break down. I also regret to inform you that because the defect of the toaster is does not stem from the factory production, the only option we can offer you is a repair of the item. The cost of the repair will be $47. 00, while a new toaster will cost $50. 00. As I explained above, the toaster is not covered by the extended warranty that would have allowed us to replace the toaster free of charge instead of repairing it. This is why we cannot accommodate your request for a brand new Moulinex Soft Crunch Toaster. I also regret to inform you that our return and refund policy only covers items purchased within 7 days. Refunds are also only done in the event of a factory defect. We would therefore like you to consider the 2 other options available to you, that is you may pay for the repair of the item or purchase a new one. Feel free to contact me at my direct number indicated at the end of this letter once you have made your decision or if you need further clarifications regarding this letter. I will be happy to confer with you at your convenience. Our company wishes we could do more for you to make up for the lost appliance so please accept the discount coupon worth $5. 00 attached to this letter to help towards the purchase or repair of the your item. This has been a very difficult decision for our company to arrive at. I would have liked to bend company policy for you and give you a new toaster if it were possible for me to do so. I hope that this incident will not become a deterrent that will stop you from making future purchases at BD Small Appliances. Sincerely, Nicole Bridgford Customer Service Representative Contact Number: 551-429876 (Office Hours Only).

Classroom Management Action Plan | Example

Classroom Management Action Plan | Example Classroom Management Introduction Classroom management is a term that refers to the techniques and skills that teachers use to keep students organized, focused, on task, orderly, attentive, and academic productive, during class. When teachers implement the classroom management strategies effectively, they minimize the behaviors that obstruct learning for both individual students and group of students while maximizing behaviors that enhance or facilitate learning. A lack of classroom management is also a major factor that makes teachers leave their profession within their first year. I am facing some challenges with the students that I teach. I have developed an appropriate solution and action plan that I would follow to achieve it. I have learnt several things from my research that would help me in my future classroom management. PROBLEM: CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT As a primary school teacher who is on placement, am faced with several issues regarding disorderly and disruptive behavior from my student such as talking, getting up from their chairs to walk to other students desks without permission, disobedience, aggressive behavior and refusal to finish assigned task or school work. My inability to control their behavior them has led to my lack of teaching them properly as required. The first reason for this issue is that this is because of my inexperience since this is my first role with a school setting of dealing with different children. Secondly, it is due to an underprivileged family background that most of the children come from. For example, some of them are from single parent family, other are living in extreme poverty conditions, and some parents are not concerned with their children education. Lastly, this is because of the different student’s ability to grasp information, For example lack of attention. EVALUATION RELATED TO MY SOLUTION To solve the above problems, I have realized that I need to implement a classroom management component. This is because the environment in which the students learn in is very important, and can create a learning atmosphere. Secondly, my behavior towards the students, how I interact and treat them is a concern on how they would act. I would develop a level of dominance in the class, through body language in a different situation, eye contact with the students, for example, when affirming an action to them. In addition, I should develop a positive attitude towards the students in my class, encouraging them to participate in class activities, treating all students fairly and equally. The other important thing is to express my expectations from them. For example, how they should act in class, at the beginning of the lesson I clearly tell them what I expect from them at the end of the lesson. In addition, how they should relate to one another and ultimately make agreements with them on different issues in class that they should do and not do. We agree with them the repercussions when they do not follow the agreements we have set together. I would prepare different learning skills and lessons to be able to incorporate the students interest instead of relying only on my scheme of work. I would also get involved with what the students go through outside the class. This would include learning more about their homes, if they are in need, are they from divided homes, language barriers between them and me, and lastly handle students with special needs carefully. ACTION PLAN Room Arrangement When the students enter the class, they are hit with exciting colors on the walls, with windows lighting reflecting on the different things on the wall, as they walk to their big circle table. They can look at their colleagues as they are facing each other. When they look at the wall they see arts, maps, famous people, and student work all portrayed in different posters that are colorful around the class. No work is in white paint. From my desk that is also in the circle, I will start the lesson. The students will get out their books and colorful pens to note today’s lesson. I believe the classroom set up would have a significant effect on the student and the environment would make them think discuss, and reflect on the lesson. The set up would help me walk around the class and look at what they are doing and their sitting arrangement will make them be able to interact with one another making room for discussions. The student work on the wall will help them feel part of the cl ass. Classroom Rules The best rule I would have will be a class is a place of learning, and we should all respect each other. If I respect them and they respect each other and me, I believe this would create a safe environment for learning. I would allow the students to eat and drink in class as long as they dispose of their waste correctly. However, I will notify them from the beginning that the privilege withdrawal things get out of control. I would create a class constitution if the behavior of the students were inconsistent. I will involve the students in making the rules, and allow them to discuss which ones to be in the constitution. I believe that involving them would make it a must for them to obey, and they will not fight back on the consequences of not obeying. I would make them write the final copy and hang it in class. To add on I would give them a copy to take to their parents to read, sign, and then return to school. This would help make the parents involved in what we are trying to do in c lass. In addition, I will be giving the students a newsletter monthly to take to their parents describing what we are doing in class. I believe involving the parents in their children schoolwork will make them support their children at home with any issue arising. I also want to create an environment whereby there is a good student teacher relationship with my class. This is so because my students are from different backgrounds, and want to create an atmosphere where they feel they are equal to each other by the way I treat them. I do not want to assume their capability in education by the way they look or act. I do not want their background difference to affect communication in class. I believe this is the foundation of most behavioral problems begin. Therefore, I would like to create an environment whereby I accept by students as unique people with different cultures that I can relate, respect, and like them. In addition, be able to communicate and listen to them. I want my student to be able to relate their life experiences in our class exercises, teaching them to appreciate and celebrate cultural differences. I want to have an open forum class meetings whereby we discuss what is working or not for us in class. In addition, then implement t he suggestions and ideas we have discussed. Am interested in finding out what the students are thinking of, and converting the environment to their liking as much as possible. This would make the student feel part and in control of their learning. In the case of a consistent misbehavior, I would ask the student to meet me after class. I would start by praising him on what he is doing well in class and explain to him how his behavior is interfering with the class. In addition, I would advise them on what to do to stop the behavior. In a class if they persist I would isolate them to seat alone at the back, if they persist I would call their parents to come to school and then we discuss the three of us. I believe in involving the parents in disciplining the child but disagreeing with sending the students at home. Class Procedures I want to develop consistency with the procedures I use in class. For example, I will be putting the class program on the blackboard for them to copy when they come to class, use assignments sometimes to engage them in their writing skills. In addition, I will use interactive notebooks for them to do all their homework and class work in them. I would staple loose assignments to the notebooks this would help them when revising for exams. I would them stamp every student book that has done the homework. I would then collect the books after every two weeks to grade them. The stamping is to make the students finish the assignment before the two weeks. The stamping is just a motivation for them to do the homework on time before the grading day. I will assist those who are not understanding with the home and class work. I will also grade their class participation in class. This would make them participate in various class activities. Encouraging all students Bill Rogers has different techniques on classroom management starting with preventing to positive management and ending with consequences. This is a very humane and logical approach to handling students. He gives strategies that teachers can use to work with the students for both of them control how the student’s behavior, instead of a teacher being authoritative, strict, and disciplinarian. Rogers’s first plan shows techniques to use to prevent problems dealing with discipline. Secondly, he distinguishes responsibilities from rights claiming that they need to balance. Under the rights, Rogers’s majors on how the students have a right to learn, feel safe, respected, and handled with dignity. I believe at the beginning of the term students be told their rights and explained to what they should do to have them. It is significant vital for the students to feel emotionally and physically safe for a good learning atmosphere to be established. Teachers should emphasize on how they treat each other, with full of respect and no calling each other names. Still at the establishment stage, he emphasizes on teachers consistent in establishing rules for the class. I agree with the rule because it would create accountability for the student concerned. However, if the problem persists force should be used to correct the child. Establishing attention is a preventive technique. Teachers should not speak over the noise. I agree because there is a particular place in class where I stand and the students keep quiet. Rogers talk about positive correction as a way to view the correction. His emphasis on address what a student should do instead of majoring on the problem. He should just state it and leave to give the student the right to choose to control their behaviors and not doing things just to please the teacher or other students. This has helped because when I find a student out of line, I tell them to stop and walk away, giving the student room to correct the mistake. Rogers’s deals with consequences by assisting the student find a connection between outcome and behavior. He insists that the consequence should be reasonable and related. I agree with the point because it gives the students a chance to decide about their own behavior. This would strengthen the teacher student relationship because the student feel fairly treated per the mistake done. Conclusion I have learnt that classroom management is a key component in any educational setting. I will use it to create a good environment for learning and to make my student feel safe participating. It does not mean punishing the behavior, but it involves setting up the right tone in class, preventing bad behaviors and encouraging a good relationship with the students, while encouraging them to do well and setting high expectations for them. I believe it is possible to create the environment that would limit the behavior problems from the start in my classroom. References Marzano, R. J., Marzano, J. S., Pickering, D. (2003). Classroom management that works research-based strategies for every teacher. Alexandria, Va: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Whitaker, T. (2003). What great principals do differently: fifteen things that matter most. Larchmont, N.Y.: Eye on Education. Canter, L., Canter, M. (2001). Assertive discipline: positive behavior management for todays classroom (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Canter Associates. Abu Nemrah, M. (2006). Classroom Management and Organization. 2nd Edition. Amman: Dar Yafa. Erythromycin Stearate Tablets: Quality Assurance Assessment Erythromycin Stearate Tablets: Quality Assurance Assessment QUALITY ASSURANCE ASSESSMENT OF SOME COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ERYTHROMYCIN STEARATE TABLETS. Aiwaguore Johnbull Obarisiagbon1*, Oladejo Peter Ogunlowo2 ABSTRACT Erythromycin drug products have been mostly imported into Nigeria from different countries of the world; with relatively no Nigeria based pharmaceutical company manufacturing same. Cases of therapeutic failures have been reported in some of our hospitals. Hence, the need arises to study some of the physicochemical parameters of some of the available drug products in the Nigerian Pharmaceutical Market with a view to detecting drug products that meet the specified pharmacopeia standards and those that fall short of such standards. The parameters measured were the uniformity of weight, friability, tensile strength, disintegration time and dissolution rate of 12 selected erythromycin stearate 500mg film-coated tablets. The tensile strength of the tablets was determined using the static loading method and Mosanto hardness tester to find the crushing strength and their results compared. The 12 samples disintegrated within 30mins with four of them disintegrating within 3mins, suggestive of possible inclusion of superdisintegrants in their formulations. All products, except two had a percentage release of the drug within 90mins of 70% and above. The friability of three of the products exceeded 1%. However, their tensile strengths did not prolong the disintegration time beyond the official limits. The results obtained from the physicochemical testing of the drug products revealed the failure of two products having release rates of less than 70% within 90mins. Further tests need to be done on these two products (namely Rycin ® and Erythromycin 500mg) in order to draw a more definite conclusion. Keyword: Stearic acid, formulation, physicochemical, friability INTRODUCTION Erythromycin stearate is the stearic acid salt of erythromycin, with an excess of stearic acid. It is a white, bitter crystalline powder, which is practically insoluble in water, but soluble in acetone and in methanol. The solutions may be opalescent 1. Erythromycin is available as the free base, ethylsuccinate estolate, gluceptatae and lactobinnate derivatives. When given orally, erythromycin and its derivatives except the estolate are inactivated to some extent by the gastric acid, and poor absorption may result. Erythromycin is a typical representative of the macrolide group of antibiotics and is produced by Streptomyces erythreas The tertiary amine of desosamine confers a basic character to erythromycin (pKa 8.8). Through this group, a number of acid salts of the antibiotic have been prepared. A second sugar, Clandinose, which is unique to erythromycin, is attached via a ÃŽ ²-glycosidic linkage to the C-3 position of the lactone ring. Erythromycin stearate tablets contain the equivalent of not less than 90.0 percent and not more than 120.0 percent of the labeled amount of erythromycin (C37H67NO13).1 Clinically, erythromycin is widely used in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Like penicillin G, it is a broad spectrum antibiotic and it is effective against most gram – negative and gram – positive bacteria compared to other antibiotics. The side effects are relatively low. Current indications for the drug include: respiratory infections and whooping cough. Erythromycin is also known to be active against penicillin resistant Staphylococcus, Chlamydia and mycoplasma. The base and the salt, by being unstable at acid pH, are absorbed in the upper part of the intestine 2. To assure higher blood concentrations, the drug should be administered in the form of coated tablets that dissolve in the duodenum 3. Physiological factors such as the presence of food; and intestinal motility and transit time, may affect the absorption of the drug with a consequent variation in bioavailability. 4,5 Highest serum concentrations of the base or stearate is 0.3 – 0.5  µg/ml, four hours after administration. It rapidly reaches bacteriocidal concentrations in all tissues and body fluids except in the brain. It is usually eliminated in the active form from urine, and bile, but part of the drug is also metabolized by demethylation2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY This study was undertaken to analyze and compare some of the physicochemical properties such as disintegration and dissolution of coated erythromycin stearate tablets from twelve different pharmaceutical companies. All the drug products were imported into the Nigerian Pharmaceutical Market from abroad. The study is also to ascertain the extent to which these drug products conform to the standards as specified in the pharmacopoeias. MATERIALS AND METHODS Weight Variation From each product sample, 20 tablets were randomly selected and the weight of each tablet was determined. The mean weight and standard deviation were calculated. Friability Ten previously weighed tablets from each product sample were subjected to cascading and free fall shocks in the drum of a fraibilator set to rotate at 25 rpm for 4 minutes. The tablets were deducted of any adherent particles and reweighed. The difference in tablet weight was determined and the friability calculated as follows: Key W1 = Original weight W2 = Final weight Tensile Strength The crushing strengths of the tablets were determined individually with the aid of the static loading equipment. This was done by placing standard weights (kg) on top of the tablet until it yielded. The total weight was calculated as the maximum load (kg) that caused the tablets to break. This was then converted to Newton. With the vernier caliper, the width (thickness) and diameter of the tablets were measured in millimeter. Triplicate determinations were done for each product sample and the mean recorded. Disintegration Test Six tablets per product sample were subjected to the B.P disintegration test and the mean value of the disintegration time calculated. The disintegration medium (sodium phosphate buffer pH 8) was maintained at a temperature of 37oC  ± 0.5oC. Standard Curve A standard calibration curve was prepared as follows: 250mg (potency) erythromycin stearate was weighed and dissolved in 50ml methanol and sodium phosphate buffer solution, pH 8.0 was added to make exactly 100ml, giving a concentration of 2.5mg/ml. This was diluted serially with the sodium phosphate buffer solution to obtain the following concentrations; 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 µg/ml. The absorbance of the standard solutions were measured at 365nm using the UV spectrophotometer. The test was carried out in triplicate and plots of absorbance versus concentration were obtained as shown in the Figure 3.1. Dissolution rate of samples A stirred beaker method (Okor et al, 2002) was used. A caplet containing 500mg of erythromycin stearate was placed in a stationary cylindrical basket (aperture size 425 µm, diameter 2cm and height 3cm) suspended in 800ml of sodium phosphate buffer pH 8.0 as dissolution medium. The medium was maintained at a temperature 37  ± 0.5oC and stirred at 100rpm with a single blade – Gallenkamp stirrer. This was done with care to exclude air bubbles from the surface of the tablets. At various intervals, a 5ml specimen was withdrawn from a fixed zone, mid-way between the surface of the dissolution medium and the top of the cylindrical basket, not less than 1cm from the vessel wall. Every aliquot withdrawn for analysis was replaced with an equal volume of fresh dissolution medium at the same temperature. The aliquot was diluted 1 in 100 and then filtered through a Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The absorbance of the filtrate was determined at 365nm. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Sample brands of Erythromycin Stearate tablets: The list of different brands of erythromycin stearate 500mg tablets used in this study is shown in Table 3.1. Two brands, Erythrocin-500 (Abbott Laboratories, Pakistan) and Erotab-500 (Hovid) had no NAFDAC Registration Number. These products were probably smuggled into the Nigerian drug market without proper clearance by the authorities concerned, or the registration process was not yet concluded before the drugs were made available in the market for public consumption. All the drug samples had expiry dates with two samples; Icethrocin (India) and Zin Zine (India) having expiry dates of 12/2011. It is also observed that all the 12 samples were imported into Nigeria from abroad, with 8 samples from India. The standard curve obtained is a straight line with the regression coefficient equation of y = 0.014 x + 0.000. (Figure 3.1) TABLE 3.1: LIST OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF ERYTHROMYCIN STEARATE 500MG TABLETS USED IN THE STUDY S/No BRAND NAME MANUFACTURER B. No. MFG DATE EXP. DATE NAFDAC REQ. No 1. Erythrocin-500 Abbott Laboratories (Pakistan) 96282XV Dec. 12013 2. Erymycin ® Mercury laboratories Lt. Unit II GUJARAT, India. 9158403 March 2009 Feb. 2012 04-8419 3. Enthrox-500 Falma Laboratories (P) Ltd 54A Industrial Area, Bangalore, India. 50 July 2010 April 2013 A4-0915 4. Althrocin-S 500 Alembic Ltd. Plot 21/2 Vadodara 390003, India. 89970084E Jan. 2010 10/2012 043328 5. Erotab-500 Hovid AK11612 12/2012 6. Ice throcin Stallion Laboratories PVT 9293MD1/IDE 12/11 A4-3133 7. Donythrocin-500 Medopharm, 34B, Industrial Area, Malur- 563 130, India. 8E42 May2008 12/2012 043140 8. Zinzine Micro Laboratories Ltd. 92, Siplot, Hosur-635 126, India. ZZTJ 0044 January, 2009 12/2011 04-6174 9. Rycin Erythromycin ® Medreich Limited Bangalore-560 062, India. 690326 December, 2009 05/20 13 04-7570 10. Labcin ® 500 Laborate Pharmaceutical E-1 I hid Area Panipat 132103, India. LNFT-001 June, 2010 July 2012 04-6174 11 Erythromycm 500mg Mekopher Chemical Pharmaceutical Jomt Stock Co Mmli City, Vietnam. 10001 AX December, 2010, 12/06/J 04-75 70 12. Eryfast-500 Erythromycin Medibios Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, J-76, MIDC Tarapur Thane-40 1506, India. MD003 August, 2008 Aug. 20.10 A4-3007 Uniformity of Weight According to the USP 1980; 20 tablets are to be used in the determination, and there is compliance if each of the individual weights is within the limit of 90% and 110% of the average weight. Table 3.3 shows the mean weight of the various samples of Erythromycin stearate tablets Table 3.3: Mean weight of the various samples of erythromycin stearate tablets S/N Brand Name Mean Weight ( ± SD) Remarks 1 Erythrocin-500 1.13  ± 0.02 Passed 2 Erythromycin ® 1.10  ± 0.22 Passed 3. Enthrox-500 0.92  ± 0.01 Passed 4. Althrocin-S500 1.01  ± 02 Passed 5. Erotab-500 0.98  ± 0.01 Passed 6. Icethrocin 0.99  ± 0.01 Passed 7. Donythrocin-500 0.93  ± 0.01 Passed 8 Zin-Zine 1.01  ± 0.01 Passed 9. Rycin  ® 0.91  ± 0.02 Passed 10 Labcin  ® 500 0.88  ± 0.02 Passed 11. Erythromycin 500mg 0.97  ± 0.03 Passed 12. Eryfast 500 0.93  ± 0.01 Passed Friability Test The result of friability test of the various samples of erythromycin stearate (film coated) tablets is as shown in Table 3.4. The friability of a tablet is a measure of interparticualte cohesiveness of the particles and is a function of tablet hardness. A maximum mean weight loss of not more than 1.0% is considered acceptable for most products. From the table, products 1,2 and 7 failed the friability test, with friability values greater than 1.0%. It is expected therefore, that these product samples would break, chip or wear out during handling and transportation experienced in the manufacturing plant, in the drug distribution system and in the field at the hands of the end users (patients/consumers). These effects would result in possible loss in active drugs administered. Table 3.4 : Some of the physicochemical properties of the erythromycin stearate tablets. Tensile strength (MN/m2) S/No Brand Name Friability (%) Static loading method Monsanto hardness tester Disintegration time (mins) 1. Erythrocin-500 1.55 1.917 1.922 5.47 2. Erymycin ® 2.04 2.590 2.594 2.44 3. Enthrox-500 0.82 6.050 6.00 20.46 4. Althrocin-S500 0.25 4.190 4.184 14.40 5. Erotab-500 0.51 6.680 6.670 20.46 6. Icethrocin 0.76 5.370 5.402 20.83 7. Donythrocin-500 1.33 4.590 4.586 1.83 8. Zin Zine 0.25 4.820 4.750 5.46 9. Rycin ® Erythromycin 0.00 2.730 2.750 2.42 10. Labcin ®-500 0.87 6.780 6.802 16.21 11. Erythromycin-500mg 0.26 4.460 4.468 7.11 12. Eryfast-500 Erythromycin 0.27 2.940 2.950 2.81 3.4 Tensile Strength The tensile strength of the product samples are shown in Table 3.4. The results from the two methods used are compared, i.e. the static loading and the Monsanto Hardness Tester methods. Using Student’s t-test, the results showed that the differences were not statistically significant at 95% confidence level. In a previous work on comparison of testers by Brook and Marshall (11), it was affirmed that variations in crushing strength values between instruments are due in part to inaccuracies in instrument scale values, zero errors and varying methods of applying the load. Calibration is therefore necessary for accurate measurement using one instrument or when comparing results from more than one tester. This is the measure of the mechanical integrity of tablets, which is the force required to cause them to fracture (i.e. break) in a specific plane. The hardness did not have significant influence on the disintegration times of the product samples. Disintegration Time Oral uncoated tablets are expected to disintegrate in 15 minutes unless otherwise stated. Sugar and film coated tablets are allowed 30mins to 1hour within which to disintegrate. The 12 product samples of erythromycin stearate were all film coated, and all disintegrated within the official time of one hour. The disintegration time of 4 products namely, samples 2,7,9 and 12 were below 5 minutes. There is the probability that some types of super disintegrants were employed in these formulations. Concentration ( µg/ml) Fig: 3.1 Standard curves for Erythromycin stearate at max 365 nm. Dissolution Test The dissolution rates of the various samples of erythromycin stearate tablets are shown in Table 3.5. This table shows the amount of erythromycin dissolved at times 45 and 90 minutes respectively in percentages. All the product samples except Rycin ® (62.4%) and Erythromycin-500mg (65.50%) had more than 70% of drug released within 90 minutes. The relatively low percentage release of erythromycin from Rycin ® (62.4%) and Erythromycin 500mg (65.5%) would possibly result in poor bioavailability of the products. Erythrocin-500mg (Abott) used as reference standard at 90mins had amount dissolved of 80%. Another product ‘Labcin’ also released 80% of drug after 90mins. Product samples Rycin ® and Erythromycin-500mg were officially cleared into the Nigeria drug market with NAFDAC Reg. No 04-3205 and 04-7570. It is therefore possible that there was a mix-up between the product samples submitted for NAFDAC registration and those currently available in the market for patients’ consumption. It is also possible that the types of excipients used in the formulation of these product samples (Rycin ® and Erythromycin-500mg) may have reduced the percentage of the drug dissolved. Table 3.5: Dissolution Rates of Erythromycin Stearate tablets from the Various Samples, at 45mins and 90mins respectively S/No Brand % released (45 minutes ) % released (90 minutes) 1. Erythrocin-500 43.20 80.00 2. Erymycin ® 36.80 72.00 3. Enthrox-500 40.80 76.80 4. Althrocin-S500 40.00 79.20 5. Erotab-500 40.00 77.60 6. Icethrocin 46.40 76.80 7. Donythrocin-500 41.60 77.60 8. Zin-zine 40.00 76.80 9. Rycin ® 25.60 62.40 10. Labcin ® 500 40.16 80.00 11. Erythromycin 500mg 22.40 65.50 12. Eryfast-500 40.80 77.60 Figures 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5 show the dissolution profiles of the various product samples of Eryhtromycin Stearate tablets. FIGURE: 3.2: Dissolution Profiles of Erythrocin -500 (Abbot), Erymycin, Enthrox -500.Figure: 3.3: Dissolution Profiles of Althrocin –S 500, Erotab- 500 (Hovid), Icethrocin Figure: 3.4: Dissolution Profiles of Donythrocin -500, Zin Zine, Rycin. Figure 3.5: Dissolution Profiles of Labcin, Erythromycin – 500mg, Eryfast 500 CONCLUSION The therapeutic response to a drug in its dosage form can be predicted by studying the physicochemical and biological properties of the drug product. A thorough knowledge of the impact of the various manufacturing methods and technologies on the performance of the drug product would always be useful. In this study, 12 different products of erythromycin stearate 500mg film-coated tablets were examined. The physicochemical properties studied included weight uniformity, friability, tensile strength, disintegration time, and dissolution rate. Product samples 1, 2 and 7 (Erythromycin-500, Erymycin ® and Donythrocin-500 respectively) had friability values above the standard set by USP of not more than 1%. Their friability values were 1.55%, 2.04% and 1.33% respectively. It was also observed that the weight variation within each drug product was within the acceptable limit. All drug products disintegrated within 30 minutes as required for film coated tablets by the pharmacopoeias and FDA regulatory guidances11. Film-coated erythromycin base tablets are expected to be absorbed at the duodenum (pH 6 to 6.5). All drug products except No. 9 (Rycin ®) and No. 11(Eryhtromycin 500mg) released 70% and above within 90 minutes. There is therefore, the need for our regulatory bodies, NAFDAC, NDLEA, PCN and Police Force to be adequately alert and watchful to prevail against the nefarious activities of some Nigerian nationals who possibly connive with their foreign cohorts to sneak in substandard drug products into the country even when such drugs have been initially registered. REFERENCES British Pharmacopoeia (2008). Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London. Pp2377, 2380. Luciane C.M and Schapeval E.S (1996). Bioavailability study of coated erythrornycin stearate tablets in rabbits; Acta Farm. Bonaevense 15(2):77-84. Fell, J.T; Newton, J.M. Determination of tablet strength by the diametrical-compression test. J.Pharm.Sci. 59(5), 688 691. Tomoshenko, S. (1934). Theory of Elasticity, McGraw Hill: New York, p. 82 -85, 104 109. Frocht, M.M. Plastoelasticity; John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 32-39. Stanley, P; Newton, J. M (1980). The tensile fracture stress of capsule-shaped tablets. J.Pharm. Pharmacol. 32(12), 852 — 854. Pitt, K.G, Newton, J. M; Stanley, P. (1988). Tensile fracture of doubly-convex cylindrical discs under diametrical laoding. J. Mater.Sci. 23, 2723 2728. United State Pharmacopeia 2008 (31) (1217), Rockville, US Pharmacopoeia Convention Inc. p 677. FDA Regulatory guidances, FDA Website for regulatory guidances. (www. fda. gov/ cder/ guidance/index. htm) Allen, P.V, Rahn, P.D, Sarapu, A.C, Vandewielen, A.J (1978). Physical characteristics of erythromycin anhydrate and dihydrate crystalline solids. J.Pharm.Sci.(67), 1087 — 1093. Brrok, D.B and Marshall, K. (2006). Crushing strength of compressed tablets 1. Comparison of testers. J. Pharm.Sci. 481 484. Ethical Fashion Markets in the UK and India | Research Ethical Fashion Markets in the UK and India | Research Thinking about my future life and career, long term aims for this MA are to build useful contacts in fashion industry in UK, gain a real insight into the Ethical Fashion Industry in UK, and hopefully complete a work placement at the Ethical Fashion Forum. In order to fulfill my project,I need to do the forecast research of the Ethical Fashion in UK and India in order to reach to the best topic of my research. To complete this MA, good time and project managementskills is going to be one of my most important challenges. Also, my strong focus would be on strategically planning and developing research skills. Fulfilling my learning agreement goals will give me new understanding and knowledge on the Ethical Fashion Industry in UK and India. For achieving all of the above, I need to build innumerable contacts with the fashion designer, businesses and organisation concentrating upon sustainability in the fashion industry in UK and India. Formerly, I have made enough contacts and gathered information; I will then discuss and orate about my project proposal. Ultimately, when I get an enthusiastic response, by looking at the success of Ethical Fashion Market, UK, I will then exchange those ideas with Kakoli Banergee, Trustee, Satya Jyoti Trust,India; to collaborate and formulate my project plan. If I receive a positive hope I would believe I have finally completed my MA journey, successfully. ANSHU YADAV Investigate into an Ethical Fashion market in UK and India PROJECT PROPOSAL TITLE Investigate into an Ethical Fashion market in UK and India AIM Understand the current scenario of ethical fashion business in India and relate to UK. Research UKS ethical fashion business; providea plan for making of a marketing body (Eco Fashion Park) for ethical fashion producer group and artisans in India. RESEARCH QUESTIONS What is Ethical Fashion? Defining Ethical Fashion Sustainability and triple bottom line Finding out issues and practices of Ethical Fashion Reviewing history of ethical fashion Fast Fashion and Cheap Fashion What is the market size of Ethical Fashion? Domestic (INDIA) market research on the Ethical Fashion Business and Lifestyle. International (UK) market research on the Ethical Fashion Business and Lifestyle. What is sustainable production and consumption . Defining the sustainable production and consumption Domestic (INDIA) industry research on methods of sustainable production and consumption International (UK)industry research on methods of sustainable production and consumption Sustainable Fashion producer groups and their problems in India What are the various certification possibilities for establishing a sustainable fashion business in UK and India? Ethical standards and Labeling Trade Tariffs and Barriers What is value chain? Defining value chain Research into linking the national ethical fashion producers and international buyers and markets. RESEARCH METHODS Quantity: Case Study, Grounded Theory and Consumer reactions study. Quality :Observational Analysis ANSHUYADAV Investigate into an Ethical Fashion market in UK and India 3. Primary Research: Focus on gathering information on ethical fashion from India and UK 3.1 Interviews with key forum members of Ethical Fashion Forum, UK. 3.2 Interviews with emerging fashion and textile designers in sustainable design in UK and India. 3.3 Social networking, for instance, Face book, 3.4 Fashion Business networking: Ethical Fashion Forum(UK), Designer Forum(UK), Ethical Trade Initiative(UK), Craft mark (India), Labour organisations, Manufacturers of Sustainable Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics. 3.5 Personal contacts in the Fashion Industry will help me gain appreciable approach. 3.6 Questionnaires and Videos of various artists involved in Sustainable Fashion practices. 3.7 International trend and fashion show visits. For instance, London Fashion Week, London; The Cloth Show, Birmingham; Premier Vision, Paris 3.8 Design institutes and government bodies 3.9 Non Profit Organisation, Satya Jyoti Trust, India. 4. Secondary Research: Focusing on Ethical Fashion Forum in UK. 4.1 Co work with Ethical Fashion Forum as a research intern, alongside an associate director, collecting research for EFF projects and events. 4.2 To understand the implications of formulating a marketing body(Eco Fashion Park) in India, for the sustainable Practioners. 4.3 Analyze Journals (MONOCLE,DRAPERS,FINANCIAL TIMES,ECO- TEXTILE) Weekly Magazines(TREND UNION,NEW CONSUMER, THE ECOLOGIST) and Online Magazine(THREAD), and Readings(ECO- CHIC, BY SANDY BLACK;GREEN IS THE NEW BLACK, BY T BLANCHARD,BUSINESS ETHICS AND VALUES, BY PETE ENGARDIO;SUSTAINABLE FASHION AND TEXTILES BY KATE FLETCHER. 4.4Get reports from online Databases and Articles( MINTLE, GMID, JUST STYLE.COM) 5. Literature Research: Refer to Bibliography RATIONAL OF MY PROJECT In my view point ethical fashion is the exciting subject to study as it has been grabbing the headlines within fashion industry in recent times.It is the uniqueness in fashion that allows us to look at sustainability in innovative ways. Therefore, Fashion provides an opportunity of awareness for sustainability. Many sustainable practices and movements are gaining momentum and moving towards mainstream. Green buildings, interiors, home products and even green weddings and events are flourishing, yet fashion is when embraced in sustainable ways, holds even greater impact potential. What is also unique to fashion, more so than other sustainable pathways, is that it is a large vehicle. Ethical fashion also interested me as it focuses on ill practices in the factories, poverty reduction, environment education, production and consumption issues, with a strong attention on workers health; in relation to the fashion industries. Ethicall fashion at a global level has captured my interest, for the very simple reason, that London fashion has stepped forward to promote ethical fashion clothing. Top shop, Marks and Spencer, Zara, Next, Europeon Fashion chain and USA Banana Republic are all specialising in â€Å"going green†. With a strong focus on Ethical Fashion Forum(UK), I want to know how to create such a not for profit organisation, where the ethical fashion producer group, from field to factory to end product, exchange ideas, collaborate and communicate effectively on various sustainable practices and events .My knowledge in Ethical Fashion from UK wouldthen allow me to provide the plan of making a successful marketing body (Eco Fashion Park) for Ethical Fashion producer groups and artisans of India, in India. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES LEANING GOAL 1: 1.1 Clarity of thoughts: Think deeply for filtering clear and in-depth information. 1.2 Assessed: Being able to decide the best final research topic. LEARNING GOAL 2: 2.1 Quick and Accurate Reading: discover to read relevant topics and fast. Also to improve summary and note taking skills, to be able to apply useful data resource at time of compilation of my project. 2.2 Assessed: Allowing myself to make reading list and note takings habits. LEARNING GOAL 3: 3.1 Professional Writing and Presentation Skills: enhance my English speaking and writing skills, professional approach towards any assigned task and submissions. 3.2 Assessed: Confidently being able to articulate and present myPGC Presentation and Learning Agreement. LEARNING GOAL 4: 4.1 Project Planning and Self Time Management Skills: Producing a comprehensive project proposal with a proposed approach, research direction and schedule to be followed. 4.2 Assessed: Being able to produce a timely submission of Project Proposal. LEARNING GOAL 5: 5.1 Professional Knowledge: History of Ethical Fashion Design, Business and Industry, increased awareness of Ethical Fashion Business in global context. 5.2 Assessed: Being able to approach future research phase professionally. LEARNING GOAL 6: 6.1 International Work Experience Placement: Co- work with Ethical Fashion Forum to gain more knowledge about Ethical Fashion 6.2 Assessed: Possible Case Studies and Personal Growth of improved interactive skills. LEARNING GOAL 7: 7.1 Research orientation skills: Improve my research making skills, by self understanding and implementing them in my dissertation. 7.2 Assessed: Being able to make a research oriented MA Dissertation in the last phase of research. PROJECT TERRAIN OUTCOMES KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Project Proposal, presented in the PGC stage Project related information collection and analysis, using the primary and secondary research methods Learning agreement: refer to this document Self time management SKILLS, QUALITIES AND ATTRIBUTES Project Management: refer to the project time frame Learning Contract Summary Form Plan of learning resources inside the University (Oct- Nov 2008) Reading relevant magazines and books in library and using library learning resource to get the marketing report which I need Attend the lectures that are related to my project proposal Attend undergraduate lectures of Fashion and Textile Management. Ask questions about y research from my tutor and supervisor Multiple photocopies of magazines, journals, report and books from library Plan of learning resources outside the University (Jan-June 2009) Observe the magazine market from news, reports, blogs, forum on websites Make contacts with the relevant industry or hopefully find a research internship with Ethical Fashion Forum, UK, which can help me gain the knowledge of Sustainable Fashion and Textile industry. Maintain Chronofile (My Research log book) Academic support Keep in touch with supervisors and professors during doing the project Use the library learning resource to obtain any relevant report that I need. Practical learning Try to contact as many Fashion Designers, Sustainable Fashion Producer groups, consultancys and not for Profit Organisations. Interview the people who relate to my project proposal and learn the skills of communication. Identification of learning needs Suggestions from my supervisor and tutor Lectures which are related to my project proposal Latest reports and news on fashion, design and ethical fashion market Collect a lot of documentariesrelated to sweat shops and sustainable Fashion and Textiles. Learn to get the opinions from different people and understand Ethical consumer and producer groups in UK and India. Also interact with fashion students and make videos asking about their buying attitudes towards Ethical Fashion Clothing. Skills to summarize the information that I obtain during the research Skills to take a precise note from interview (primary research) and books and video (secondary research) Identification of non-learning resource needs Access to university computer which has professional software to produce my document and adjusting photos and pictures Target date for completion of project proposal